欧盟GMP附录1《无菌药品生产》:
4.13. For pass-through hatches and airlocks (for material and personnel), the entry and exit doors should not be opened simultaneously. For airlocks leading to the grade A and grade B areas, an interlocking system should be used. For airlocks leading to grade C and D areas, a visual and/or audible warning system should be operated as a minimum. Where required to maintain area segregation, a time delay between the closing and opening of interlocked doors should be established.
4.13. 对于传递窗和气锁(物料和人员),入口门和出口门不应同时打开。对于通向A级和B级区的气锁,应采用互锁系统,对于通向C级和D级区的气锁,应至少采用视觉和/或听觉报警系统。如果需要保持区域隔离,应确定在互锁门的关闭和打开之间的时间延迟。
FDA《无菌制剂生产质量管理规范》(2004版)
E. Design
Due to the interdependence of the various rooms
that make up an aseptic processing facility, it is essential to carefully
define and control the dynamic interactions permitted between cleanrooms. Use
of a double-door or integrated sterilizer helps ensure direct product flow,
often from a lower to a higher classified area. Airlocks and interlocking doors
will facilitate better control of air balance throughout the aseptic processing
facility. Airlocks should be installed between the aseptic manufacturing area
entrance and the adjoining unclassified area. Other interfaces such as
personnel transitions or material staging areas are appropriate locations for
air locks.
由于组成无菌操作设施的不同房间之间相互依赖,有必要严格地限定和控制洁净室之间允许的动态相互作用,使用双门或整合的灭菌器有助于确保直接产品流程,通常从较低到较高的分级区域,压差隔离室和互锁门将更容易控制整个无菌操作设施的空气平衡。压差隔离室应安装在无菌生产区域入口和毗邻的未分级区域,其它界面如人员转换或物料分级区域适合压差隔离室的地方。
压差设计的原则是:
“高洁净度等级区域 > 低洁净度等级区域”,以及“生产区 > 辅助区“。
| 功能间类型 | 压差要求建议 | 目的 |
| 洁净室 vs. 非洁净区 | 保持 ≥ 10 Pa 的正压 | 防止室外未处理空气渗入 |
| 不同等级洁净室之间 | 保持 ≥ 5 Pa 的压差 | 维持气流由高向低流动 |
| 无菌操作间 vs. 走廊 | 保持正压(通常最高点) | 保护核心工艺环境 |
特殊负压控制区域(重点) 并非所有房间都是正压。对于涉及毒性、致敏性、高活性或高粉尘的房间,需维持相对负压:
• 称量间/取样间: 防止粉尘外溢至走廊。
• 产尘剧烈的生产间: 如粉碎、压片、填充等工序。
• 生物安全实验室(P2/P3): 核心实验室需相对于走廊保持负压,防止生物因子逃逸。
• 强致敏性/高活性药物车间: 如青霉素类、性激素类生产区。
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